Stumbled upon this issue today.
This seems to be happening if you are using Apache and mod_rewrite is not enabled.
As suggested above, you can run the above command shared by @masterale to enable mod rewrite.
If you are using docker, add this to your dockerfile
RUN a2enmod rewrite
Although I wonder if login can’t happen without this, shouldn’t this be checked in checkRequirements() in CheckStep.php in InstallBundle?