Hey Joey! Thanks for your help!
I’ve done what you mentioned and noticed that for some reason the head tag is not closing, nor the body is opening (at least it’s what I noticed, I’m not that good with coding in general haha):
This is the original HTML (the one that I’ve used in the Blank theme builder on Mautic):
https://ajudafinanceiro.com/mautic/email_sent.html
The same one, but in txt:
https://ajudafinanceiro.com/mautic/email_sent.txt
This is what I got on gmail:
https://ajudafinanceiro.com/mautic/email_received.txt
I’ve build this email on sendgrid platform and then used the mailchimp inline tool